For many people, a headache is a passing nuisance a dull throb that comes and goes, eased with a simple glass of water or a painkiller. But for others, headaches are far more than an occasional discomfort.
They are a constant, unwelcome companion, disrupting daily life, damaging relationships, hindering studies and work, and eroding overall well-being.One particularly relentless type is the chronic headache.
Unlike a typical headache, chronic headaches strike frequently or persist over long periods, often causing intense pain and unpredictable episodes that can leave sufferers feeling exhausted, frustrated and afraid.For some, chronic headaches can even prove fatal.
The University of Zambia community is still mourning the loss of 23-year-old Tinashe Ngulube, a third-year Geology student, who died on May 30 after battling chronic headaches. His story has become a stark reminder that these headaches are not merely “in one’s head” but a serious medical condition that deserves attention and care.
“Some people believe dehydration is the main culprit, because about 75 percent of the brain is made up of water. Even mild dehydration, as little as 2 percent, can affect brain function,” said Dr. Andrew Mutalanshi, a Medical Officer at the University of Zambia Clinic.
Others think overthinking or emotional stress is to blame. Michael Chilufya, a resident of Kalingalinga believes personal struggles play a huge role.
“Chronic headaches come when we overthink things that are not moving in our favour,” he said.
Another Kalingalinga resident, who preferred to remain anonymous, blames too much screen time.
“I used to spend hours watching TV and scrolling on my phone. My eyes became swollen and I was getting severe headaches that started affecting my work, I didn’t know lack of enough sleep was also causing the problem,” he shared.
Dr. Mutalanshi explained that chronic headaches fall into two main categories namely primary and secondary.
“Primary chronic headaches have no known underlying cause. These include migraines, tension-type headaches, and cluster headaches,” he said.
Dr Mutalanshi added that secondary chronic headaches, on the other hand, result from other conditions or triggers such as nutritional deficiencies, hormonal changes, sinus infections, chemical imbalances in the body, sleep disturbances, dehydration, withdrawal from substances like caffeine or alcohol, trauma, or stress.
“I was a victim of chronic headaches.It was so bad that it started affecting my grades. I couldn’t study properly or sleep well. But when I started drinking more water, my headaches reduced,” shared a second-year University of Zambia student.
“The best way to manage chronic headaches is a multi-faceted approach.Lifestyle changes are essential staying hydrated, managing stress, getting enough sleep, eating a balanced diet, and avoiding known triggers,” Dr. Mutalanshi advised
He recommends stress reduction techniques like meditation, yoga, or deep breathing exercises. For some, over the counter pain relievers or prescription medications may be necessary.
“When we focus on our physical and mental well-being, we experience numerous benefits, including increased energy, improved mood, and enhanced productivity,” Dr. Mutalanshi emphasized.
“Wellness enables us to pursue our passions, nurture meaningful relationships, and tackle life’s challenges with resilience and confidence.”